Diglossic situation exists in a society when it has two distinct codes which show clear functional separation;
that is, one is employed in one set of circumstances and the other in an entirely different set.
Ferguson (1959, p . 336) has defined Diglossia as follow:
"DIGLOSSIA is a relatively stable language situation in which, in addition to the primary dialects of
the language (which may include a standard or regional standards), there is a very divergent, highly
codified (often gramatically more complex) superposed variety the vehicle of a large and respected
body of written literature, either of an earlier period or in another speech community, which is learned
largely by formal education and is used for most written and formal spoken purposes but is not used
by any sector of the community for ordinary conversation."
in the same article, he identifies four situation which show the major characteristics of this Diglossic phenomenon: Arabic, Swiss, German, Haitian (French and Creole), and Greek. in each situation, there is a 'high' variety (H) of language and there is 'low' variety (L). each variety has its own specialized functions, and each is viewed differently by those who are aware of both.
H varieties are used for delivering sermons and formal lecturers, especially in parliament or legislative body, for giving political speech, for broadcasting the news on radio or television, for writing poetry, fine literatureand editorias in newspaper. in contrast, the L varieties are used in giving instructions to workers in low-prestige occupations, in conversation with familiars, in 'soap opera' and popular programs on the radio, and in 'folk literature'.
in the arabic situation the two varieties are Classical Arabic (H) and the various regional colloquial varieties (L). in Switzzerland they are Standar German (H) and Swiss German (L). in Haiti the varieties are Standard French (H) and Dhimotiki , or Demotic (L), varieties of Greek.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar